How to Count Cards in Blackjack for Beginners
Learn the fundamentals of card counting in blackjack using the Hi-Lo system.
Published July 19, 2024.
Card counting is a blackjack strategy that helps players determine when the odds are in their favour. By keeping a running tally of the high and low cards dealt, you can make smarter betting decisions.
Below, we'll explain how to count cards in blackjack to reduce the house edge and increase your chances of winning.
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How to Use the Hi-Lo System: A 4-Step Guide
1. Assign Values to the Cards
In the Hi-Lo system, you assign each card a specific value:
- 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (high cards): +1
- 7, 8, 9 (low cards): 0
- 10, Jack, Queen, King, ace (neutral cards): -1
As each card is dealt during the game, you need to add or subtract these values to maintain a running count in your head.
2. Keep a Running Count
The running count is the sum of the assigned values for all the distributed cards. To keep a running count, follow these steps:
- Start at 0 whenever the deck is shuffled.
- Add or subtract the card values as each card is revealed.
- Continuously update the count with each new card that's played.
Example: If the cards dealt are 4, Jack, 2, 8, and Queen, you can calculate the running count as follows:
- 4: +1
- Jack: -1 (Running count: 0)
- 2: +1 (Running count: +1)
- 8: 0 (Running count: +1)
- Queen: -1 (Running count: 0)
3. Calculate the True Count
To get a more accurate picture of your advantage, you need to calculate the true count. You can do this by adjusting the running count based on the number of decks remaining in the shoe.
To calculate the true count:
- Estimate the number of decks still in play.
- Divide the running count by the number of decks left.
Example: If the running count is +6 and you estimate 3 decks remain, the true count would be +6 / 3 = +2. This adjustment is crucial because it normalizes the count for different deck sizes and provides a more reliable indicator of your edge over the house.
4. Adjust Bets Based on the True Count
Use the true count to guide your betting decisions:
- Positive true count: Increase your bets, as the deck is in your favour.
- Zero or negative true count: Decrease your bets, as the deck benefits the dealer.
By adjusting bets in this way, you can capitalize on advantageous situations and minimize losses when the odds are against you.
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Practice Techniques for Beginners
Start with these simple training techniques to master card counting:
- Practice with a single deck at home, flipping cards one by one to maintain a running count.
- Use card counting apps that simulate real-game scenarios to build speed and accuracy.
- Regularly quiz yourself on the count while watching blackjack videos or live games.
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Advanced Card Counting Techniques
Once you've mastered the basics of card counting in blackjack, you may be interested in exploring advanced techniques. Here are two major techniques and how to apply them:
Wonging (Back-Counting)
Wonging, also known as back-counting, is a powerful technique named after the legendary blackjack player Stanford Wong. This strategy involves observing the game from behind the table and only joining when the count is in your favour.
How It Works:
- Stand behind the table and keep a count of the cards that have been played without placing any bets.
- Once the true count reaches a beneficial level (typically +2 or higher), join the game and start placing bets.
- When the count drops below the favourable threshold, either leave the table or stop betting until the odds turn back in your favour.
Benefits
- Reduces the number of hands played, minimizing exposure to adverse conditions
- Maximizes profit by only betting in advantageous situations
Drawbacks
- Casinos are aware of this method and may prohibit players from joining mid-shoe
- Requires patience and the ability to stand and observe without drawing attention
Side Counts
Side counting requires you to keep separate counts of specific cards, usually aces, in addition to the main Hi-Lo count. By tracking these key cards, you can gain a more detailed understanding of the remaining deck composition.
How It Works:
- Maintain the primary running count using the Hi-Lo system as you normally would.
- At the same time, keep a separate count of the aces that have been dealt.
- Use the ace count to fine-tune your approach.
Example: If too many Aces appear early in the shoe, you might subtly adjust your plan, considering the reduced likelihood of hitting a blackjack (21).
Benefits
- Offers a higher level of precision in betting and playing decisions
- Can significantly enhance the player's edge if done correctly
Drawbacks
- More complex and mentally taxing than basic Hi-Lo counting
- Increases the risk of making errors due to the additional cognitive load
Note: While side counting can be a powerful tool in the hands of an experienced card counter, it's essential to master the fundamentals of Hi-Lo counting before attempting this advanced technique.
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Legalities and Risks of Card Counting in Casinos
Card counting isn't illegal, but casinos heavily frown upon it. Since you gain an advantage over the house, casinos may deny you service if they suspect you of card counting.
If they catch you, you may be asked to leave, banned from the casino, or placed under increased surveillance. In some cases, casinos may even add suspected card counters to a shared blacklist, making it difficult to play elsewhere.
Master Card Counting With Practice and Discipline
With consistent practice and dedication, you can make the most of card counting and improve your blackjack skills. But, like with any strategy that gives you an edge, it's important to play responsibly and know when to stop. Developing discipline, patience, and emotional control is crucial—not just in card counting but in all aspects of your gambling experience.
Remember, the goal isn't just to master card counting but to do so in a way that ensures your long-term ability to profit from the game.
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